这个parse方法，它来自url箱子，用来验证并解析一个&str，变为一个Url结构。输入的字符串，可能格式不正确，因此，该方法返回Result<Url, ParseError>.

一旦解析了 URL，它就可以使用Url类型的所有方法。

extern crate url;

use url::{Url, ParseError};

fn main() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
    let s = "https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues?labels=E-easy&state=open";

    let parsed = Url::parse(s)?;
    println!("The path part of the URL is: {}", parsed.path());

    Ok(())
}

base URL 包括一个协议和一个域。base URL 没有文件夹、文件或查询字符串。这每一项都将从给定的 URL 中，剥离出来。PathSegmentsMut::clear会删除路径，和Url::set_query会删除查询字符串。

# #[macro_use]
# extern crate error_chain;
extern crate url;

use url::Url;
#
# error_chain! {
#     foreign_links {
#         UrlParse(url::ParseError);
#     }
#     errors {
#         CannotBeABase
#     }
# }

fn run() -> Result<()> {
    let full = "https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo?asdf";

    let url = Url::parse(full)?;
    let base = base_url(url)?;

    assert_eq!(base.as_str(), "https://github.com/");
    println!("The base of the URL is: {}", base);

    Ok(())
}

fn base_url(mut url: Url) -> Result<Url> {
    match url.path_segments_mut() {
        Ok(mut path) => {
            path.clear();
        }
        Err(_) => {
            return Err(Error::from_kind(ErrorKind::CannotBeABase));
        }
    }

    url.set_query(None);

    Ok(url)
}
#
# quick_main!(run);

这个join方法，用 base 路径和相对路径，创建新的 URL。

extern crate url;

use url::{Url, ParseError};

fn main() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
    let path = "/rust-lang/cargo";

    let gh = build_github_url(path)?;

    assert_eq!(gh.as_str(), "https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo");
    println!("The joined URL is: {}", gh);

    Ok(())
}

fn build_github_url(path: &str) -> Result<Url, ParseError> {
    const GITHUB: &'static str = "https://github.com";

    let base = Url::parse(GITHUB).expect("hardcoded URL is known to be valid");
    let joined = base.join(path)?;

    Ok(joined)
}

这个Url结构，公有了各种方法，用来提取有关它所表示 URL 的信息。

extern crate url;

use url::{Url, Host, ParseError};

fn main() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
    let s = "ftp://rust-lang.org/examples";

    let url = Url::parse(s)?;

    assert_eq!(url.scheme(), "ftp");
    assert_eq!(url.host(), Some(Host::Domain("rust-lang.org")));
    assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), Some(21));
    println!("The origin is as expected!");

    Ok(())
}

origin产生相同的结果。

# #[macro_use]
# extern crate error_chain;
extern crate url;

use url::{Url, Origin, Host};

# error_chain! {
#     foreign_links {
#         UrlParse(url::ParseError);
#     }
# }
#
fn run() -> Result<()> {
    let s = "ftp://rust-lang.org/examples";

    let url = Url::parse(s)?;

    let expected_scheme = "ftp".to_owned();
    let expected_host = Host::Domain("rust-lang.org".to_owned());
    let expected_port = 21;
    let expected = Origin::Tuple(expected_scheme, expected_host, expected_port);

    let origin = url.origin();
    assert_eq!(origin, expected);
    println!("The origin is as expected!");

    Ok(())
}
#
# quick_main!(run);

解析Url，并url::Position把它切成片，删除不需要的 URL 部分。

extern crate url;

use url::{Url, Position, ParseError};

fn main() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
    let parsed = Url::parse("https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues?labels=E-easy&state=open")?;
    let cleaned: &str = &parsed[..Position::AfterPath];
    println!("cleaned: {}", cleaned);
    Ok(())
}