结构化数据
序列化和反序列化,非结构化 JSON
这个serde_json
箱子提供from_str
这个解析函数,它需要 JSON 的&str
。
非结构化 JSON 可以解析为,一个通用的serde_json::Value
类型,它能够表示任何有效 JSON 数据的类型。
下面的示例显示,正在解析 JSON 的 &str
。使用json!
宏:
#[macro_use] extern crate serde_json; use serde_json::{Value, Error}; fn main() -> Result<(), Error> { let j = r#"{ "userid": 103609, "verified": true, "access_privileges": [ "user", "admin" ] }"#; let parsed: Value = serde_json::from_str(j)?; let expected = json!({ "userid": 103609, "verified": true, "access_privileges": [ "user", "admin" ] }); assert_eq!(parsed, expected); Ok(()) }
反序列化,toml 配置文件
把一些 toml 解析成,一个通用的toml::Value
类型,它能够表示任何有效的 TOML 数据。
extern crate toml; use toml::{Value, de::Error}; fn main() -> Result<(), Error> { let toml_content = r#" [package] name = "your_package" version = "0.1.0" authors = ["You! <you@example.org>"] [dependencies] serde = "1.0" "#; let package_info: Value = toml::from_str(toml_content)?; assert_eq!(package_info["dependencies"]["serde"].as_str(), Some("1.0")); assert_eq!(package_info["package"]["name"].as_str(), Some("your_package")); Ok(()) }
使用serde,将 toml 解析为您自己的结构。
# #[macro_use] # extern crate error_chain; #[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive; extern crate toml; use std::collections::HashMap; #[derive(Deserialize)] struct Config { package: Package, dependencies: HashMap<String, String>, } #[derive(Deserialize)] struct Package { name: String, version: String, authors: Vec<String>, } # # error_chain! { # foreign_links { # Toml(toml::de::Error); # } # } fn run() -> Result<()> { let toml_content = r#" [package] name = "your_package" version = "0.1.0" authors = ["You! <you@example.org>"] [dependencies] serde = "1.0" "#; let package_info: Config = toml::from_str(toml_content)?; assert_eq!(package_info.package.name, "your_package"); assert_eq!(package_info.package.version, "0.1.0"); assert_eq!(package_info.package.authors, vec!["You! <you@example.org>"]); assert_eq!(package_info.dependencies["serde"], "1.0"); Ok(()) } # # quick_main!(run);
以小端序,读取和写入整数
byteorder
可以反转,结构化数据的有效字节。这对网络上的信息接收,还有类似另一个系统的字节来说,可能会有必要。
extern crate byteorder; use byteorder::{LittleEndian, ReadBytesExt, WriteBytesExt}; use std::io::Error; #[derive(Default, PartialEq, Debug)] struct Payload { kind: u8, value: u16, } fn main() -> Result<(), Error> { let original_payload = Payload::default(); let encoded_bytes = encode(&original_payload)?; let decoded_payload = decode(&encoded_bytes)?; assert_eq!(original_payload, decoded_payload); Ok(()) } fn encode(payload: &Payload) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> { let mut bytes = vec![]; bytes.write_u8(payload.kind)?; bytes.write_u16::<LittleEndian>(payload.value)?; Ok(bytes) } fn decode(mut bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Payload, Error> { let payload = Payload { kind: bytes.read_u8()?, value: bytes.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?, }; Ok(payload) }