解析和显示
检查日期和时间
DateTime
获取当前的 UTC,还有Timelike
,能得到它的小时/分钟/秒(hour/minute/second),通过Datelike
,则能获得它的年/月/日/周末(year/month/day/weekday)。
extern crate chrono; use chrono::{Datelike, Timelike, Utc}; fn main() { let now = Utc::now(); let (is_pm, hour) = now.hour12(); println!( "The current UTC time is {:02}:{:02}:{:02} {}", hour, now.minute(), now.second(), if is_pm { "PM" } else { "AM" } ); println!( "And there have been {} seconds since midnight", now.num_seconds_from_midnight() ); let (is_common_era, year) = now.year_ce(); println!( "The current UTC date is {}-{:02}-{:02} {:?} ({})", year, now.month(), now.day(), now.weekday(), if is_common_era { "CE" } else { "BCE" } ); println!( "And the Common Era began {} days ago", now.num_days_from_ce() ); }
将日期转换为 Unix 时间戳,反之亦然
NaiveDate::from_ymd
和NaiveTime::from_hms
给出一个日期,用NaiveDateTime::timestamp
转换到UNIX 时间戳。然后使用NaiveDateTime::from_timestamp
,它计算从 1970 1,01 0:00:00 UTC 开始,10 亿秒后的日期。
extern crate chrono; use chrono::{NaiveDate, NaiveDateTime}; fn main() { let date_time: NaiveDateTime = NaiveDate::from_ymd(2017, 11, 12).and_hms(17, 33, 44); println!( "Number of seconds between 1970-01-01 00:00:00 and {} is {}.", date_time, date_time.timestamp()); let date_time_after_a_billion_seconds = NaiveDateTime::from_timestamp(1_000_000_000, 0); println!( "Date after a billion seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 was {}.", date_time_after_a_billion_seconds); }
显示格式化的日期和时间
使用Utc::now
,获取并显示当前时间(以 UTC 为单位)。以众所周知的格式RFC 2822,格式化当前时间,通过DateTime::to_rfc2822
。还有RFC 3339格式,可以使用DateTime::to_rfc3339
,除此之外,用DateTime::format
可以自定义格式。
extern crate chrono; use chrono::{DateTime, Utc}; fn main() { let now: DateTime<Utc> = Utc::now(); println!("UTC now is: {}", now); println!("UTC now in RFC 2822 is: {}", now.to_rfc2822()); println!("UTC now in RFC 3339 is: {}", now.to_rfc3339()); println!("UTC now in a custom format is: {}", now.format("%a %b %e %T %Y")); }
将字符串解析为 datetime 结构
解析已知的字符串表达格式RFC 2822,RFC 3339和自定义格式,将其变为一个DateTime
结构,可以分别使用DateTime::parse_from_rfc2822
,DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339
和DateTime::parse_from_str
。
可以在chrono::format::strftime
找到,转义序列,让其可用于DateTime::format
。 请注意DateTime::parse_from_str
要求一个 DateTime 结构,必须是创建的,唯一标识的日期和时间。请使用NaiveDate
,NaiveTime
和NaiveDateTime
,分析没有时区的日期和时间。
extern crate chrono; use chrono::{DateTime, NaiveDate, NaiveDateTime, NaiveTime}; use chrono::format::ParseError; fn main() -> Result<(), ParseError> { let rfc2822 = DateTime::parse_from_rfc2822("Tue, 1 Jul 2003 10:52:37 +0200")?; println!("{}", rfc2822); let rfc3339 = DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339("1996-12-19T16:39:57-08:00")?; println!("{}", rfc3339); let custom = DateTime::parse_from_str("5.8.1994 8:00 am +0000", "%d.%m.%Y %H:%M %P %z")?; println!("{}", custom); let time_only = NaiveTime::parse_from_str("23:56:04", "%H:%M:%S")?; println!("{}", time_only); let date_only = NaiveDate::parse_from_str("2015-09-05", "%Y-%m-%d")?; println!("{}", date_only); let no_timezone = NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str("2015-09-05 23:56:04", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")?; println!("{}", no_timezone); Ok(()) }